Error-Robust Indoor Augmented Reality Navigation: Evaluation Criteria and a New Approach

Tracking errors severely impact the effectiveness of augmented reality display techniques for indoor navigation. In this work we take a look at the sources of error and accuracy of existing tracking technologies. We derive important design criteria for robust display techniques and present objective criteria. These serve evaluation of indoor navigation techniques without or in preparation of quantitative user studies. Based on these criteria we propose a new error tolerant display technique called Bending Words, where words move along the navigation path guiding the user. Bending Words outranks the other evaluated display techniques in many of the tested criteria and provides a robust, error-tolerant alternative to established augmented reality indoor navigation display techniques.